As the US government pushes once mighty tribes like the Comanche and Apache onto reservations, a resistance emerges in the north, led by the Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne among others. This dramatic saga features chiefs like Sitting Bull and Red Cloud, warriors like Crazy Horse, and military icons like George Custer. Gruesome violence, massacre, and removal are tragic constants in this story. This is the harrowing last stand of Native Americans on the Great Plains. #NativeAmericanHeritageMonth
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A note on terminology:
Wherever possible, we use specific tribe or nation names. In addressing the larger groups of indigenous people on the American plains, we occasionally use the term “Indian,” as it legally refers to the indigenous people of the contiguous United States and possesses considerable legal weight with regard to United States-American Indian treaties. For a deeper look at this subject, check out the FAQ section of the Smithsonian’s Museum of the American Indian: https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/f...
SOURCES:
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Frazier, Ian. “Another Vision of Black Elk.” The New Yorker, 26 Dec. 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-....
Hämäläinen Pekka. Lakota America: a New History of Indigenous Power. Yale University Press, 2019.
“Interviews and Statements of Chief Henry Oscar One Bull.” The University of Oklahoma Libraries, https://digital.libraries.ou.edu/cdm/....
Lapointe, Ernie. Sitting Bull: His Life and Legacy. 1st ed., Gibbs Smith, 2009.
Morgan, T J. vol. 1, United States Office of Indian Affairs, 1891, pp. 180–181, Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1891.Extracts from verbatim stenographic report of council held by delegations of Sioux with Commissioner of Indian Affairs, at Washington, February 11, 1891.
Philbrick, Nathaniel. The Last Stand Custer, Sitting Bull and the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Vintage Books, 2011.Pratt, Richard. 1892, pp. 46–59, Official Report of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of Charities and Correction , https://quod.lib.umich.edu/n/ncosw/AC....
“The Surrender of Joseph.” Harper's Weekly, 17 Nov. 1877, p. 906, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?i....
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