Steel is an engineering material, that finds diverse applications in all kinds of products from aerospace to kitchen wares.
It's a term that describes an entire family of metal alloys.
The basic components of all steel materials are iron and carbon.
There are many grades of steel, but most people categorize it into two broad groups - stainless steel and carbon steel.
Stainless steel is a type of steel which have good corrosion resistance due to the addition of chromium and other alloying elements.
The chromium is key - it reacts with oxygen to create a passive layer that prevents oxidation and protects the steel from rusting.
Based on microstructure, broadly four major categories of stainless are available. They are:
● Austenitic stainless steel
● Ferritic stainless steel
● Martensitic stainless steel
● Duplex stainless steel.
Carbon steel on the other hand is a steel, that contains mainly iron and up to 2.1% carbon. They may contain a small amount of other alloying elements, but carbon is the primary ingredient.
It is an iron-carbon alloy. Therefore, susceptible to rust, unlike stainless steel.
Carbon steel is categorized into three types. They are:
● Low carbon steel (mild steel)
● Medium carbon steel (plain steel)
● High carbon steel
This video discusses these two broad categories because their essential difference is what gives them their distinct physical characteristics. Though they have the same basic composition of iron and carbon. Steel types tend to have a variety of alloying elements.
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